Arthrosis of the knee joint is a common disease of the musculoskeletal system.According to statistics, every sixth person in old age is diagnosed with joint deformation.Violation of the integrity of the cartilage is the cause of changes in the mutual position of the bones.Compliance with preventive measures will prevent the development of post-traumatic syndrome and will restore the operation of the musculoskeletal system.
What is the essence of the disease
The arthrosis of the knee joint is destruction, dystrophic damage to the connective tissue of the cartilage cells of the femoral joint.They are more likely to get women, especially the overwhelming 40-year-old border.The disease can be one -sided, arthrosis of the right knee joint or left or bilateral, affect one or both legs at once.
Without proper treatment, the ailment progresses, affects muscles, fibrous compounds (ligaments), bones.Because of it, you can completely lose the opportunity to move: with the final destruction of the cartilage, the bone will be exposed.
The concepts of gonarthrosis, osteoarthritis, deforming arthrosis are identical, are characterized by identical morphological, biological features.Such a disease is typical for people of advanced age, but cases have become more frequent when the symptoms of deviations are diagnosed in children.
The reasons for the appearance of the problem
The risk of arthrosis increases with age.The main causes of the modification of the knee joint are a violation of metabolism in solid connective tissue and daily exorbitant loads.
The following factors affect the development of the disease:
- Biological aging processes.After 40, structural and functional changes occur, cell dystrophy.Cartilage fabric loses its ability to regenerate.
- Problems with excess weight.The deposition of adipose tissue in the organs creates an additional load on the entire organism and the skeletal-muscular system.People with a high body weight often suffer from arthrosis of the knee joint.
- Violation of blood circulation in the limbs.This leads to a slowdown in the metabolism, artificial depletion of cells.
- Passive lifestyle.Physical activity should be affordable, but regular.
- Diabetes.The pathology of the endocrine system is associated with insufficient production of insulin, which is involved in the metabolism.In the fight against energy exhaustion, the body becomes vulnerable, the vessels are clogged, and a decrease in the elasticity of cartilage occurs.
- Pregnancy.With it, there may be a change in the hormonal background, a set of additional weight, which can cause problems with the knee joints.
- Dysplasia.Pathology contributes to the premature erasing of the cartilage, which threatens the joint deformation.
- Injuries, especially in children: dislocations, stretching, bruises.
The risk group is headed by women with an excess body weight.
The degree of development of arthrosis of the knee joint
The destruction process begins with cartilage and affects the entire joint of the knee.There are three stages of pathology depending on the degree of defeat:
- First.It is characterized by mild symptoms.A person complains of minor episodic pain in the knee, reduced activity after prolonged inaction (sleep).
- The second.The pain provoke any actions.It is enough to rest, and the pain syndrome passes, however, the resumption of physical activity entails discomfort.The main signs of pathology at this stage: crunch in the knee, accumulation of synovial fluid.The narrowing of the gap between the bones of the joint of the gap can be seen only in the radiographic picture.In the photo, pathological changes are clearly visible.
- The third.Global changes in cartilaginous fabric occur.A person cannot bend the leg in the knee, regular severe pain causes discomfort throughout the day or night, the bone contour is coarsed.
The appearance of the first mild symptoms requires the examination and consultation of the rheumatologist.
Most often, the patient seeks medical help at the last stage, where you can not do without surgical intervention.
Important!It is possible to diagnose deviations only with an X -ray.
Types of pathology
By the nature of the occurrence of deformation, there are two forms of pathology:
- Primary - a hereditary defect in the left or right knee joint: develops in children from adolescence, due to the improper formation of the ligamentous apparatus.
- Secondary - post -traumatic arthrosis of the knee joint, provoked by bruises, stretch marks, injuries of bone parts.
The disease can affect the joints of one or both legs at the same time.
Methods of treating arthrosis of the knee joint
Treatment of arthrosis of the knee joint in children or adults occurs in two stages: the first is the relief of pain, the second is the effect on the factors of the disease.The forms and severity of gonarthrosis play a fundamental role in choosing a method of treatment.
Types of therapy by type of exposure are as follows:
- medication;
- manual physiotherapy;
- surgical intervention;
- Folk methodology.
An early recovery of the patient is possible with an integrated approach.
Drug therapy of arthrosis of the knee joint
Traditional treatment requires arthrosis of the knee joint in the last two stages.To reduce the pain threshold, restore the integrity and elasticity of connective tissue will help the following drugs:
- A group of non -steroidal remedies.With strong pain, the drug is administered intramuscularly, you can take it orally or use gels and ointments.
- Chondroprotectors.Contribute to the normalization of metabolism processes, prevent further deformation of the knee, and restore cartilage.
- Corticosteroid hormones.Quickly relieve swelling, redness, but cause side effects, therefore, in rare cases are prescribed in rare courses.
Complex therapy allows you to achieve remission of the disease, reduces the risks of manifestation of secondary femoral-poddle arthrosis.
Physiotherapy of arthrosis of the knee joint
The treatment technique by exposure to hands, auxiliary devices and mechanisms has a blocking effect on the destruction of the cartilage joints of the knee in children and adults, and leads to the restoration of the musculoskeletal system.
The methodology for eliminating anatomical pathology includes the following types of manipulations:
- Massage.Such mechanical influence helps to improve the outflow of lymph, normalization of metabolism, blood circulation.
- Therapeutic physical education is an effective method for restoring children and adult motor skills of the femoral-poddle joint.Classes are aimed at developing mobility, strengthening the ligamentous apparatus.You can perform gymnastics at home, when the attacks are stopped.
- Reflexology.Impact on the central nervous system through receptors.The acupuncture increases muscle tone, saturates tissues with oxygen, activates immunogenic reactivity.
One of the most effective methods is physiotherapy, or recovery based on natural factors: electrophoresis, mudrap, ultrasound therapy, ozokeritopiament will help localize the focus of inflammation.
Electrophoresis
With its help, a high concentration of drugs in the affected area is achieved, the liver and the gastrointestinal tract do not receive negative effects.A specially created electric field carefully delivers medications directly to the affected area.
Mud
Mineral substances that are so rich in dirt, when penetrated into damaged tissues, suspend the further destruction of the cartilage, and later restore them.With dirt, blood flow increases, the muscles relax, metabolic processes are stimulated.
Ultrasound therapy
Ultrasound relieves muscle cramps and relieves pain by activating metabolism, changes in acid-base balance, and improving tissue respiration.
Ozokeritopia
Ozokerite is unique in composition due to a huge number of microelements contained in it.Among the positive properties of this substance are the ability to restore soft tissues.It almost instantly copes with unpleasant and painful sensations.
Advice!The gymnastics selected by the attending physician should be performed with a low amplitude of movement.
Swimming classes contribute to quick rehabilitation.During the procedure, the muscle muscles are strengthened.
Surgical treatment of arthrosis of the knee joint
Distrophy of the femoral joint in children and adults at the last stage leads to complete deformation of solid connective tissue, bones.The doctor is forced to resort to surgical intervention: endoprosthetics or arthrodesis.
In the first case, the affected joint is partially or completely replaced with a polymer or metal prosthesis, in the second, complete immobilization of the joint is performed to eliminate the pain syndrome.
Nuance!There are no age restrictions for operational manipulations, but, as practice shows, they are mainly resorted to after reaching 50 years.
Depending on the physiological characteristics of a person, the recovery period will take about 3 months.
Folk methods of treating arthrosis of the knee joint
Non -traditional therapy has a general strengthening effect on the whole organism.Independent treatment is allowed at the first stage of the pathology of the femoral-poddle joint in children and adults.
Dandelion
The plant is used as a component for infusions, compresses, hoods.Its flowers are rich:
- calcium;
- potassium;
- phosphorus;
- iron.
This contributes to rapid resuscitation and strengthening of the bone structure.
To prepare the infusion, you will need a container that is half filled with inflorescences, and triple cologne is added to the remaining space.Insist the composition for a month in a place protected from sunlight, and then rubbed the finished liquid with massaging movements into the dermis of a sore knee.
Burdock
Burdock leaves are a powerful antiseptic, accelerate the healing process of wounds, circulatory restoration.The back of the sheet is applied to the damaged joint, tightly fixed with a warm fabric bandage or scarf.The procedure is carried out overnight for a week.
Celandine
The celandine has an anti -inflammatory and analgesic effect.For 7 days in a row, a compress of grass is applied to the femoral-lifted joint.After 60 minutes, the articular region is treated with vegetable oil.The course of treatment is 2 times a month with a break of 8 days.
Golden mustache
Tincture on the leaves of a golden mustache normalizes metabolic processes, relieves pain.15–20 leaves of the plant are poured with two glasses of boiling water, infused in a warm place.The daily dose is 75 ml for three doses after eating.
Grassing with an incorrect approach may have a negative effect.Before using medicinal plants, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with contraindications, it is even better to consult a doctor.
Prevention of arthrosis of the knee joint
Arthrosis of the knee joint, like any ailment, is easier to foresee than to fight the consequences.
Preventive measures:
- Daily diet.Proper nutrition is 50% success.Fatty foods with a lot of cholesterol must be avoided.Only a diverse and useful menu is permissible: low -fat varieties of meat, fish, vegetables, fruits, cereals, dairy products, nuts, juice.
- It is necessary to limit the consumption of flour, sweet, caffeine, tobacco and alcohol.
- With a sedentary lifestyle (sedentary work), every 2 hours perform a warm -up.
- It is necessary to be in the fresh air more often, walk on foot, go swimming, sports.
- Wearing orthopedic shoes with elastic sole - this reduces the risk of osteoarthritis.
The most important thing is to undergo preventive examinations with specialists twice a year.
For reference!Consulting, narrowly tested specialists can correctly choose the treatment: orthopedist, rheumatologist, arthrologist.
The prognosis of the treatment of arthrosis of the knee joint
The pathology provokes biochemical, mechanical changes in the joints of the articular cartilage, a decrease in its thickness, the formation of osteophytes (growths on the surface of bone tissue) and subchondral cysts (cavities in organs).
The dystrophic damage to the cartilage of the femoral-poddle joint does not carry dangers for life, but it causes great discomfort.The sick person has low motor activity, he suffers from severe pain.
Deforming arthrosis, including post -traumatic arthrosis of the knee joint, is progressive.It is difficult to predict the development of pathology - it all depends on the physiological characteristics of the body and lifestyle:
- age;
- forms and degrees of deformation;
- concomitant diseases;
- execution of the doctor's instructions;
- areas of activity.
The arthrosis of the knee joint is treated, the main thing is to detect such a change in the femoral-hoisted joint in children or adults and properly plan therapy.
It is important to confirm the diagnosis of deforming arthrosis at 1 and 2 stages of development, when you can maintain the joint by restoring performance.The doctor can make a conclusion and determine the degree of joint damage on the basis of ultrasound, MRI, arthroscopy and radioscopy.
You may need several pictures to predict the dynamics of the development of femoral-knee pathology.
When diagnosing deforming arthrosis, a set of measures is aimed at restoring the activity of the musculoskeletal system, since the ailment itself cannot be cured even in children.